Physical World and Measurement | Introduction to physics, its scope, nature, and measurement techniques. Covers SI units, dimensions, accuracy, errors, and significant figures important for calculations. |
Kinematics | Study of motion, including displacement, velocity, acceleration, and motion graphs. Covers uniformly accelerated motion, projectile motion, and relative velocity. |
Laws of Motion | Newton’s three laws, force concepts, static and kinetic friction, circular motion, and motion on inclined planes. |
Work, Energy, and Power | Concepts of work done by constant and variable forces, energy types, conservation of energy, power, and collisions. |
System of Particles and Rigid Body | Center of mass, torque, angular momentum, rotational motion, moment of inertia, and its applications. |
Gravitation | Universal Law of Gravitation, gravitational potential energy, escape velocity, and satellite motion. |
Properties of Bulk Matter | Elasticity, fluid mechanics, surface tension, capillary action, viscosity, and Bernoulli’s principle. |
Thermodynamics | Heat, work, internal energy, first law of thermodynamics, heat engines, refrigerators, and Carnot cycle. |
Kinetic Theory of Gases | Molecular nature of gases, ideal gas equation, degrees of freedom, and laws governing kinetic theory. |
Oscillations and Waves | Simple harmonic motion (SHM), damped and forced oscillations, sound waves, resonance, Doppler effect, and wave superposition. |
Electrostatics | Coulomb’s law, electric fields and potentials, capacitors, dielectrics, and electrostatic energy. |
Current Electricity | Electric current, Ohm's law, resistance, series and parallel circuits, Kirchhoff’s laws, and potentiometer principles. |
Magnetism & Magnetic Effects | Magnetic fields, motion of charges in magnetic fields, Earth’s magnetism, magnetic materials, and devices like cyclotron. |
Electromagnetic Induction & AC | Faraday's and Lenz's Laws, mutual induction, AC circuits, transformers, and electromagnetic damping. |
Electromagnetic Waves | Introduction to EM waves, their properties, spectrum, and practical applications. |
Optics | Reflection, refraction, lens and mirror formulas, microscopes, telescopes, interference, diffraction, and polarization. |
Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation | Photoelectric effect, wave-particle duality, de Broglie hypothesis, and experimental confirmations. |
Atoms and Nuclei | Rutherford's model, Bohr's model, energy levels, nuclear reactions, radioactivity, fission and fusion. |
Electronic Devices | Semiconductors, p-n junctions, diodes, transistors, logic gates, and basic digital electronics. |
